Science
Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Lincolnshire by Hannah Newton and Isaac Newton Senior. Sir Isaac Newton was a baby who got off as a weak little child grew up to have one of the best minds of all time (Minds Of Science, J. Anderson pg 7). Sir Isaac's first college was Trinity College at Cambridge. He wasn't as successful in his first few years at this college because he preferred to go into his own studies and interest instead of the professors. Newton's turning point came when he stopped attending Trinity College and transferred to Cambridge University. In years of 1665-1666 Newton became most successful for his inventions, mathematics and philosophy. In mathematics Newton conceived his "method of fluxions" (infitesimal calculus) and he laid the foundations for his theory of light and color. He also made great philosophies about the planetary motion and gravity. Newton's achievements contributed to great things we build and base on today. He made many fundamental contributions to analytic geometry, algebra, and calculus. Newton's optical research began during his undergraduate years at Cambridge. In 1666 Newton performed a number of experiments on composition of light (www.webclasssci.com). Newton's main discovery was that visible white light is heterogeneous or colors that can be considered primary. Newton demonstrated that prisms separated colors. All this linked into his famous experiment called "experimentum crucis". This experiment just proved that colors going through first prisms can't go through another twice (www.worldsci.com). Newton's most famous book is the "Principia". This masterpiece is divided into 3 books. Book I talks about Newton's laws of motion. 1.Everybody continues in its state of rest, unless it is compelled to change by inertia. 2. The change in motion is proportional to the force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in...
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added: 12/03/2011
The National Sleep Foundation's 2000 Omnibus Sleep in America Poll found that forty-three percent of the people surveyed complained of excessive daytime sleepiness (Mooe). Many had medically significant sleepiness based on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Over a third of people surveyed said that the sleepiness interfered with their daytime activities, and many of these were women. The average woman gets barely six and a half hours of sleep most nights. During any given month, more than half of the women surveyed reported symptoms of insomnia. The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) Women and Sleep Poll found that lack of sleep interferes with daily activities of at least three out of ten women. Many women get far less sleep than they need. Women's sleep problems are different from men's because they have a different biology, psychology, and sleep patterns. Women's sleep is affected by many factors, whether it is PMS, pregnancy, or menopause, can contribute to sleep problems. Health problems that effect women disproportionately, such as depression and pain syndromes, also erode healthy sleep. And social pressures, juggling work, home, and parenting, can fill a woman's night with anxiety, instead of restful sleep. Many of the problems women face with sleep have to do with their ages and stages of sleep. The stress of juggling work and home life, tending to careers, marriages, and children tend to initiate the onset of sleep problems among women, most commonly in their childbearing years (Coren). After finishing their day jobs, women often take on a night shift or second shift with childcare. There are many women attempting to "do it all", maintaining careers, while shouldering too many responsibilities at home. Many women have many roles that they must play, and often there is no support, as a recent study by the Families and Work Institute indicated...
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added: 01/02/2012
DAY 1 The first day there wasn't much time to do anything, but I filtered the yellow stuff out of the mixture. I am pretty sure that it was sulfur. It didn't have much of an odor, but the mixture itself smelled like rubbing alcohol, isopropanol. DAY 2 On this day, I did fractional distillation of the liquid(s). The graph is on the attached sheet. From doing the distillation I noticed two plateaus. The first plateau was at 80 C, and the second was at 100 C. I wasn't positive on this day what the two liquids were, but I was guessing one was water and the other possibly isopropanol. Later I looked at past labs and got the boiling points of these liquids. Water's boiling point is 100 C, and isopropanol's is 80 C. DAY 3 On the third day, I boiled away the liquids in the mixture. It left me with a white substance. It didn't have much of an odor. It was kind of soft and powdery at first, and then it was hard. I thought that the substance might be either salt or sugar. DAY 4 On day four, I tested salt and sugar in isopropanol and water. In isopropanol neither sugar nor salt dissolved. In water, they both dissolved. Since the substance on the bottom of the "sludge" looked brown, and it didn't dissolve in the liquids, the substance couldn't be sugar or salt. After looking at it more, I realized it must be sand. DAY 5 On the final day, I dissolved sugar in water, and boiled it away. It left a caramelized substance on the bottom. Then I did the same thing for salt. But, the salt left a white substance. It was powdery at first, and then hardened. I figured that salt must have been the substance dissolved in the "sludge." Conclusion: After...
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added: 01/07/2012
1Wall paint stripper, ant poison, toilet cleaner, lighter fluid, car exhaust gas, insecticide, NASA fuel, mothballs, insecticide/weed killer, PVC pipes added to 4000 other chemicals. Better known as Acetone, Arsenic, Ammonia, Butane, Carbon Monoxide, DDT, Methanol, Naphthalene, Nicotine and finally vinyl chloride. Also known as the components of the modern day cigarette The constituents of a cigarette are far from appealing, yet 11.1 billion people have taken to smoking worldwide. The cigarette trade is a billion pound commerce, enticing 152.45% of high school students each year. Youths remain the prime consumers of the cigarette industry. As cigarettes become more commercial the effects are emphasised more, especially to students. Yet 13.5 million deaths, worldwide, each year, occur due to smoking. This figure is significantly high, considering the fact that over 70% of smokers are trying to quit. Sales in cigarette purchase are far from declining but accelerating each year. The question remains, 'What prevents individuals from discarding an unwanted habit such as smoking?' Figure 21 how teens obtain cigarettes taken from http://www.lungusa.org/data/smoke/smk2.pdf Male 34.7% 14.2% 25.4% Female 34.9% 1.3% 9.9% Race/Ethnicity White, non-Hispanic 38.6% 10.4% 18.8% Male 38.2% 18.8% 28.3% Female 39.1% 1.5% 8.6% Black, non-Hispanic 19.7% 1.3% 13.7% Male 21.8% 2.5% 16.0% Female 17.7% 0.2% 11.6% Figure 2 1percentage of high school student's smoking- ethnicity included There are 343 chemicals in a cigarette known to cause cancer, one being nicotine, recognised as being the most frequently used addictive drug. Nicotine, one of more than 14,000 chemicals found in the smoke from tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, is the 4primary component in tobacco that acts on the brain. There have been substantial increases in the sales and consumption of smokeless tobacco products recently. It is this addiction instigated by nicotine that inhibits smokers from quitting. 2Cigarette smoking is the most prevalent form of nicotine addiction. Most smokers use cigarettes because of their...
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added: 01/06/2012
Kolb Page 1 Snakes are a very dominant species in our world. They are silent assassins that can kill even a creature as great as a human. They can be less than twelve inches long or over twenty-five feet long. They eat a wide variety of foods, although none are herbivorous. Snakes are classified into families and then into various species. There are two thousand, one hundred, twenty-five different species of snakes. Most are not harmful to humans in any way. The timber rattlesnake can vary in color from yellow with V-shaped bands, to almost solid black. They can be found on rocky slopes in hardwood forests. They usually eat small rodents or red squirrels. Timber rattlesnakes grow between forty-eight and sixty-two feet long (Brothner, 93). The Asian pit viper grows between two to five feet long. The reactions to a bite and mortality rate vary, but bites mostly cause tissue damage. The mortality rate is usually low (Park, 1). The king cobra is the longest snake that carries venom in the world. It has enough neurotoxins in the venom, it could kill an elephant with one bite. The king cobra can stand up in a bone-chilling pose. It is usually shy and aggressive if provoked (Klum, 104). The king cobra frequently feeds on other snakes of its kind. It had a visible trachea, which is a tube that can stick out of its mouth like a tongue. This allows the snake to breathe while it is eating. The cobra's fangs are about ten millimeters long. Their hatchlings emerge with poison, which gradually increases in quantity as they get larger. They lay between twenty and forty eggs. King cobras are known to grow up to eighteen feet long (Klum, 110). King cobra antivenom is made at the Queen Savovabha Memorial Institute's snake farm located in...
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added: 12/06/2011
Your heart is racing, your muscles are tightening, and the room is closing in around you? You back up slowly, and try to make a hasty retreat. This is what it is like for people who are suffering from social anxiety disorder. Anxiety is defined as a state or cause of uneasiness and apprehension; worry, or intense fear resulting from the anticipation of a threatening event. Anxiety often causes a person to feel agitated and anxious. Many people are faced with social phobias such as nervousness during an interview, giving speeches or seeing their highschool sweetheart for the first time in twenty years. These illustrations seem small to the average individual, but to a social phobic person, these events can seem like life or death. Panic attacks are distinct episodes of acute fear. People who experience these attacks describe them as a suddenly overwhelming feeling of doom, as if they are going to die on the spot. They have problems breathing and they may even hyperventilate. Research by Dr. Zal (2003) reveals that social anxiety disorder is the third most common mental health problem in the United States (Zal, p. 75). According to Dewan (2001), this life long disorder affects more that ten million Americans, men and women equally (Dewan, p. 1795). Dr. Zal also found that this disorder affects children starting between the ages of fourteen and sixteen (Zal, p.75). He also ascertained that only a small proportion (5.4%) of individuals with uncomplicated social anxiety disorder seek psychiatric help (Zal, p. 75). These individuals are two times more likely to have alcohol problems, and if they have an alcohol problem are nine times more likely to exhibit social anxiety disorder symptoms (Zal, p. 76). Dr. Zal's findings also revealed that suicide attempt rate is 1% for primary social anxiety disorder,...
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added: 01/31/2012
Social Changes After September 11, 2001 Social mobility and social change are affected primarily by outside influences. It has been two years since the tragedy of September 11. How our workplace and home lives have changed as a result is settling in to a constant scenario. The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack had a major impact on the American people and the workplace. The domino effect on various economic sectors continues to have a negative result; however, many Americans remain optimistic that we will rebuild – as we always do. The fallout of the terrorist attacks hit the small mom and pop businesses nationwide the hardest. You will not see these victims on television. Nevertheless, their lives have been shattered, too. Some of these mom and pop businesses have had to lay off their entire staffs. Some have had to close their doors. Some do not even have doors to close anymore. These were not companies with deep pockets, just deep desires. Survey Results When we are children we dream of becoming a certain person and have a certain career, somewhere we become adults who hold jobs because they provide the income we need and do not necessarily even like our jobs. We asked the individuals who took our survey if they held their job out of necessity to pay bills and live or because it was their dream come true. Most people in or survey acknowledged that they liked their jobs or that it used to be a dream job but an overwhelming majority said they held their job due to necessity. What makes us believe that the world needs a few less dreamers? As we grow up and evolve socially, we learn more about the importance of money, social status and the reality of how far the dollar goes. At some point, we realize our...
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added: 01/05/2012
Social Class Data Analysis "Class distinctions and conflict are ever present in the ongoing life of school, and there is a dominant/subordinate delineation in adolescents' thinking about social classes" (Brantlinger, 1995). While the statistical data that was collected from Xavier University High School (XUHS) does not generally support Brantlinger's conclusion, students at XUHS are aware of class distinctions. XUHS is a college prep school and tuition for the 2002 - 2003 school year is $6,745 per pupil. I found it difficult to identify the lower class student at XUHS. While 26% of the student body receives financial aide, a certain number of this percentage would not classify as lower class but figure in the data analyzed. Due to the inherent errors associated with this data, I also looked at the students who live in seven of the traditionally poorest zip codes in Milwaukee (this constitutes 7% of the student body). There is no special education program at XUHS so I compared social class data to our Academic Support & Academic Probation lists (3.4% or 36/1036 students are on one or both of these lists). Students who qualified for financial aid and were on ASAP make up 30.5% of these lists. In addition, those students who live in the poorest zip codes, they make up 16.6% of the list. The ASAP comparison to financial aide appears fair. The comparison to the poorest zip codes seemed surprising in part because our readings and class discussions suggest that we would find an overrepresentation in this area. Two other major categories that I compared included the AP offerings and attendance. In both cases the numbers equate. Where I found some differences were in the choice of homerooms. Students apply to and are accepted or denied to student government (conclave). This homeroom consists of 10.3% (8/77) students on...
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added: 01/27/2012
Deviance is defined as the recognized violation of cultural norms but more simply defined as any rule breaking behavior. This extremely broad definition does not do deviance justice. Generally, putting a negative stronghold on society would be considered deviant but this is not necessarily true. Non-criminal deviance, any different lifestyle than the social norms such as: your style of dress, sexual preference, religious beliefs, marital status or any other conduct that is not according to the social norm could make any ordinary citizen a deviant in the eyes of society. It is all essentially the decision of any group of whether or not your behavior follows their norms or defies them. The decision to live your life can be a breach to society's norms of acceptable behavior. Even choosing to disagree with a new law that is been implemented would be considered deviant. Smoking was once considered 'cool' and movies and music glorified it. In the last decade smoking cigarettes has become a habit that is taboo. If you smoke you are bombarded with anti-smoking propaganda that has come out from all of the research that has been done about how smoking cigarettes affect your health. Also, because of this research, the Government has raised the taxes on cigarettes so that people who can't pay $10.00 a pack will most likely have to quit because they just can't afford it or they are going to find alternate means of getting them for cheaper. These are ways that society has chosen to enforce their beliefs on smoking. In all public areas in Sudbury, Ontario it is against the city by-law to smoke. This by-law was put in place to make people follow the social norm to be a non-smoker; it is also a really good way to force people to abide by...
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added: 11/18/2011
Recent studies from all around the world have proved that Television has an effect on people as individuals and as a whole. We have coined the phrase "couch potato" for people who sit around watching TV all the time. There has been numerous studies on people of all ages from toddlers to senior citizens on what effects television has on the human psyche. No one can say and believe that television has no effects on society. It is argued constantly whether television reflects society or society reflects what they see on television. TV has become a major part of every American home. Many other developed countries are just the same. Society is what is on television. It is real people acting like another real person writes them to act. Society is making TV so in my opinion neither society or TV actually "reflect" one another, but they blend into pure entertainment. One way or the other, people and society as a whole are affected by television in many ways. Many People like to argue that television is horrible and that it ruins kids minds. There is good evidence to support this view also. Robert DuRant is one of the many people that believe what children are exposed to teaches them how they are supposed to act. He has studied how exposure to violence in the media results in fighting, carrying a weapon, and an intention to use violence. In a study done in 1999 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, it was shown that American children watch an average of three to four hours of television a day. (American 1) The most suprising results of DuRant's studies were that girls were more affected than boys were. Kids who had already seen violence on television were more likely...
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added: 12/08/2011
The concept of community concerns a particularly constituted set of social relationships based on something, which the participants have in common- usually a common sense of identity. The political and social theory of "communitarianism" was appropriated by a small group of mainly American social scientists, linked by a common hostility to the philosophies of liberalism and libertarianism. Liberalism is usually seen as the dominant ideology of Western democracies, with its' roots in Enlightenment thought. Libertarianism gives priority to the liberty of the individual, with the belief in the right of the individual to be free from interference by the state or the community, unless the actions of the individual constitute harm to others. Liberal individualism has come under criticism for creating a world of "possessive individualism". Communitarianism comes form the recognition that the human being is by nature a social animal as well as an individual with a desire for autonomy. In contrast to conventional "right" or "left" approaches to social policy, communitarians emphasize the need for a balance between individual rights and social responsibilities. People who claim rights must be willing to balance them with responsibilities to help others- people must all sacrifice take care of their responsibilities, and do their share. Etzioni argues that "a good society requires both a moral order and a bounded autonomy", "societies need to follow the golden rule to find a balanced middle". A "third way" between "social conservatism" and liberal individualism. Communitarianism seeks to find a way of combining tradition and modernity .To blend elements of traditional societies ("order based on virtues") with elements of the modern world ("well protected autonomy"). Thus finding a balance "between individual rights and the common good, between self and community". In finding solutions to our social problems, communitarians seek to rely neither on government programs that are often costly or the market...
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added: 09/24/2011
Schreber's lives in his a world within his own mind. When he writes that he does not know if the streets of Leipzig are real or "miracles," or that he receives light rays directly and has entered into contact with them he is practicing reification and reductionism. Miracles are something that have no justification or rationality, rarely are they said to happen. They have no cause or concrete evidence of them even being real. So when Schreber writes that he does not know in the streets of Leipzig are real or miracles, he is practicing reductionism: he is judging something that is very real in the biological and physical sense using an explanation (miracles) that is neither biological nor physical. Schreber practices reification when he gives the light rays the properties and abilities that allow them to speak directly to his nervous system. He is giving an inanimate object the qualities and attributes of a living creature. 1b.) The ascripitive approach to knowledge holds that knowledge is a polymorph. Knowledge is a symbol concept: it does not make you see things, but having it entitles you or justifies you to see certain things: sociologist often see things about people that others don't. Knowledge is also a category bound activity: it tells who can know and see certain things, i.e. groups of people, such as women and children, have been told what they could or could not know. Knowledge is not something that you store "inside" your head. You can retain knowledge, but that is not to say that you possess it. You only have the capacity to do or say "X" under certain circumstances. Knowledge requires other concepts. If you know something, it has to be true or false; you can be mistaken about that knowledge; you can forget it or...
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added: 12/25/2011
Rubin and Feagin/Sikes Lillian Rubin's piece, "Is this a White Country, or What?" and Feagin and Sikes's piece, "Navigating Public Places" describe the racism and discrimination of the United States. Rubin studied how the Americans ("the white") think about the colonized minority and immigrant majority also known as "the others." Feagin and Sikes explored the prejudice and discrimination (of African Americans) in public places. Rubin's Piece explains the influx of immigrants and how "white" Americans think of immigration. The introduction of interviews of "white" Americans strongly reinforces the lecture material and notes. People interviewed, showed great prejudice, which is negative judgment on limited, incorrect information. One lady said, "look at those black people who have been here for a long time, they still steal, cause of drugs, and having many babies." Feagin and Sikes article states that the "white" shoplifters are more then black. I agree with that fear plays a huge role as Rubin mentions "Americans fear strangers (immigrants) will corrupt the society." Making these good points, I believe it's natural that people fear what they don't understand that causes prejudice and racial discrimination, in which Rubin explains. Although I am not an advocate of discrimination, fear and the lack knowledge of "the other's" ethnicity are good reasons to understand why discrimination exists. Feagin and Sikes's piece explains the prejudices by explaining the discrimination in public places. The piece surprised me that this country is still having huge groups being victims in public places in the 1990s. Examples such as the lawsuits on food chains due to the turning away of black college students were hard to believe; especially that it was being displayed in public places. These readings gave me a profound understanding of how discrimination and is displayed in the thoughts of citizens and public displays. This answers my question and...
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added: 11/22/2011
Planning What Am I doing? I am trying to do the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid, but I am varying the temperature that the sodium thiosulphate is before I add the hydrochloric acid. The test is to see the how long it takes after adding the hydrochloric acid for you not to see the black cross underneath the beaker. Method. To dot his reaction first I must measure out the amounts of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. Then I will heat the sodium thiosulphate to the required temperature on the Bunsen burner. Then I will place the beaker on the cross. I will then add the hydrochloric acid, start the timer and watch the solution until it goes so cloudy that I cannot see the cross, then I will stop the timer, and mark down the result of the time on to my results table. Things I will need · Bunsen burner · Heat proof mat · Tripod · Gauze · One beaker · Two measuring cylinders · 15ml hydrochloric acid · 25ml sodium thiosulphate · Thermometer · A piece of paper with a cross on it · A timer. Pilot In my pilot test I did the same experiment but at room temperature. I laid it out the same and did everything I planned to do. I timed the time it took for me to lose site of the cross through the solution. The time came out as 7 mins and 28.73 seconds. I then wrote my prediction on this analysis. That the time would go down as the temperature went up. Research I my research I found out that the reaction should speed up as the temperature goes up, this is due to the collision theory. The theory says that as you warm up an atom or molecule it builds up energy which Is used up by the atom becoming excited and rushing around so if...
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added: 02/14/2012
Introduction Sun The heat of the sun is about equivalent to burning a billion trillion tons of coal an hour. Even though only a small fraction of that heat ever reaches the earth it is still more then enough to power the whole world. People seemed to realize the importance of the sun around 30,000 BC. This was when people first started planting crops of wheat. They realized plants did better when planted in the sun over the shade. This caused them to worship the sun as a God. Many cultures built large and extravagant temples to worship the sun in. Other cultures built places to observe the sun in, such as Stonehenge in England. Different Types of Solar Panels There are three main types of solar panels. They are flat plate collectors, focusing collectors, and solar cells. The first kind is a flat plate collector. Flat plate collectors are fastened on the top of the roof of a house. They usually either heat the house or its water. A flat plate collector consists of a black rectangular frame, two or three sheets of glass, and copper plumbing. A flat plat collector uses the greenhouse affect. The sunrays go through the glass but can't get out through the glass. The sunrays heat the water-filled copper tubes. Then the water is used to heat the home or water. Another type of a solar panel is a focusing collector. They consist of a mirror or mirrors which are focused in one spot. Some focusing collectors are solar furnaces, parabolic dishes and troughs and power towers. The first type is a solar furnace. A solar furnace consists of many mirrors that are aimed at a large curved mirror that is aimed at a large steel building. This building can get as hot as 5,790 F. Scientists use solar furnaces to run...
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added: 02/17/2012
Waste disposal is the process of getting rid of the waste materials that people generate. People produce gaseous waste, such as carbon monoxide from cars; liquid waste, such as sewage; and solid waste. The many kinds of solid waste include paper and plastic products, bottles and cans, food scraps, and junked automobiles. Solid waste is also called refuse or garbage. If not disposed of properly, it looks ugly, smells foul, and creates health problems by attracting insects, rats, and other animals that spread disease. Solid waste from homes, offices, and stores is called municipal solid waste. This article discusses how to dispose of such waste. Solid waste also comes from industries and farms. For information on these sources of waste, see the World Book article on ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. See also the SEWAGE article for information on the disposal of waste matter from sinks and toilets. Most cities and towns have waste-collecting departments or private firms that gather refuse from homes and other buildings. Workers haul the refuse away in trucks. Disposing of refuse has become a serious problem because we produce more waste each year. At the same time, places to put the waste are filling up, and not enough new locations are available. We also produce more and more wastes that are difficult to get rid of. For example, paper packaging that can easily be recycled or burned is being replaced by plastic packaging that is harder to recycle or that gives off gases when burned. Communities use three chief methods to dispose of municipal solid waste. They are (1) land disposal, (2) incineration, and (3) recycling and waste reduction. Land disposal involves hauling garbage to an area owned by a community or a private firm. Such areas range from unsanitary open dumps to properly operated sanitary landfills. Open dumps are a poor method...
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added: 11/29/2011
Nearly everything we do leaves behind some kind of waste. Households create ordinary garbage. Industrial and manufacturing processes create solid and hazardous waste. The Office of Solid Waste (OSW) regulates all this waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). RCRA's goals are to: 1. Protect us from the hazards of waste disposal 2. Conserve energy and natural resources by recycling and recovery 3. Reduce or eliminate waste, and 4. Clean up waste, which may have spilled, leaked, or been improperly disposed of. Hazardous waste comes in many shapes and forms. Chemical, metal, and furniture manufacturing are some examples of processes that create hazardous waste. RCRA tightly regulates all hazardous waste from "cradle to grave." RCRA also controls garbage and industrial waste. Common garbage is municipal waste, which consists mainly of paper, yard trimmings, glass, and other materials. Industrial waste is process waste that comes from a broad range of operations. Some wastes are managed by other federal agencies or state laws. Examples of such wastes are animal waste, radioactive waste, and medical waste. On May 19,1993, EPA announced the release of its Draft Hazardous Waste Minimization and Combustion Strategy. The goals of the Strategy were to, first, achieve reductions in the amount of hazardous waste generated in this country and, second, to further improve the safety and reliability of hazardous waste combustion in incinerators and boilers and industrial furnaces (BIFs). The announcement signaled the Administrator's intention for EPA to take a leadership role in reaching a balanced resolution of the difficult hazardous waste issues involved. Since May 1993, EPA has led a broad and open national effort to take a fresh look at how to achieve a fully integrated waste management program in which economically sound source reduction decisions are given proper emphasis, and how to delineate the appropriate role for hazardous waste combustion. Treating...
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added: 10/07/2011
Somatoform disorder is someone who appears to have a physical medical ailment but doctors cannot find the origin of the illness. For something to categorize as a Somatoform Disorder, the physical symptoms must be serious enough to interfere with the patient's employment or relationships, and must be symptoms that are not under the patient's voluntary control. In general, somatoform disorder deals with the physical aspects of unknown illnesses, and on the other hand, dissociative disorders deal with the patient's sense of identity or memory. There are seven different kinds of somatoform disorders, each with their own description, or way to be identified. The major problem with somatoform disorders is that it is very hard to recognize and treat because the illness is well camouflaged to appear like normal illnesses. This would create situations where people are being treated for sicknesses that they do not really have, which is an overuse medical services and resources. The Different Sub-Disorders: Somatization disorder, used to be known as Briquet's syndrome since he was the man who first recognized it, require four symptoms of pain, two symptoms in the digestive tract, one symptom involving the sexual organs, and one symptom related to the nervous system. Somatization disorder is a chronic disorder that is persistent throughout a person's life and is likely to appear in families. Conversion disorder is a condition that the patient's senses, ability to walk, or move are impaired without a medical, neurological disease, or cause. Instead, psychological factors are believed to be the causes. Typically, the disorders appear when the patient is under stress or trauma and the disorder rears its head to try to get the patient out of the situation. When speaking of conversion disorders, doctors may refer to the primary or secondary gain, which is the effect that the disorder has on...
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added: 01/14/2012
For an opinion on this topic to be formulated, one must fully understand the question. Armageddon is defined in the 2002 Brittanica dictionary as 'the site and time of a final and conclusive battle between the forces of good and evil.' The term 'environmental armageddon' must therefore be interpreted with regard to the definition but not to such an extreme. 'Environmental armageddon' refers to the end or destruction of the Australian environment and can not be put in terms of good or evil, rather the state in which the Australian environment is in. The question being asked is in reference to the desired population of Australia. Whether we need to increase or decrease the number of people in this nation. A major oppossing view to Australia being destined for environmental armageddon is that Australia will become an economic backwater unless there is a population increase. This means that, in relation to our economy, Australia will become isolated or even backward. In answering this essay I will identify the positives and negatives of changing population in Australia, weigh out the results, and formulate an educated opinion on the matter. Australia's population is on the increase. Population growth results from two processes, natural increase and net international immigration. An average family size of 2.1 children is required over the long term to replace our population. Australia's current fertility rate is 1.85 children but Australia's average annual net overseas migration figures from 1959 to 1996 was 85,000. In this way our population has increased with a fertility rate below the replacement level. The environment will suffer if there is a continuing increase in our population. As it is, the environment is under much strain from humans and their activities. There are so many factors contributing to the devastation of our environment. Cities are full of...
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added: 01/30/2012
Rocketry and Space Exploration
Rocketry systems have greatly evolved over the past 2000 years which has lead to the development and acceleration of space exploration. The field of scientific research has led to the exposure of many intelligent and talented individuals. One of the major contributors to the research and development in rocketry systems is a scientist named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.
The earliest solid rocket fuel was in the form of gunpowder in the 3rd century B.C. The reaction principle was first demonstrated by Archytas in 360 B.C and again by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century B.C, through the use of a steam power reaction wheel called the 'aeolopile,' which used propulsion principles.
By 1045 A.D. the use of gunpowder and rockets formed an integral aspect military tactics as weapons , e.g. 'fire arrows.' From 1045 to the late 1800's, the knowledge of rockets spread throughout the world and rockets were used in war. The reaction principle was defined in 1687 when Sir Isaac Newton published the "Universal Laws of Motion." In the 16th century the first description of multi-stage rockets were suggested and in 1855 the first multi-stage rocket was introduced . 'Congreve' rockets were developed in England in the early 19th century; these rockets had a greater range and were more accurate. 'Hale' rockets with stabilizer fins were introduced in the late 19th century which had superior range accuracy compared to the Congreve rockets. In 1881, Russian Nikolai Kibalchich is believed to have designed the first rocket propelled aircraft3. Tsiolkovsky published a report in 1903 that proposed liquid propellants would give improved range to rockets. First successful guided missile was launched in 1918.In 1926, a scientist named Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket. In 1928 rocket aircraft were tested. In 1945 the Soviet initiates its space program. Von Braun successfully...
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added: 10/23/2011