Kent Beck introduced extreme programming to the programming community. He developed and documented an approach to computer software creation that uses elements of traditional methods and redefines the priority, sequence, and emphasis of these elements to increase the number of options available to developers as they fashion new software he calls Beck's Extreme programming (Beck, 1999). To put it in layman's term Extreme programming takes a few of the more important aspects of software development to the extreme, and de-emphasizes the sequence of events that are followed in the traditional programming environment. What is Extreme Programming? Extreme Programming is a discipline of software development based on values of simplicity, communication, feedback, and courage. It works by bringing the whole team together in the presence of simple practices, with enough feedback to enable the team to see where they are and to tune the practices to their unique situation. Before Extreme Programming, programmers worked long hours, typically 50, 60, or 70 hours a week in other to meet an unrealistic deadline and quickly become burned out (Ambler, 2002). When projects run into trouble, often before they've even started, programmers point fingers at others. The main idea behind XP is to introduce software that is easy to maintain and understand, and provides a lower cost of ownership (Ralph, 1999). XP emphasizes testing early in the project (tests are automated and are created before any code is written). Unit tests are the main control mechanisms for quality assurance (Ralph, 1999). Broadly, XP is a set of best practices that contains fairly specific how-to information — that is, it is more of an implementation model than a "one size fits all" ceremonial process. The main activities in XP are listening, testing, and Coding and designing. To further explain what activities means. § Listening: The development team must prevent...
pages: 11 (words: 2777)
comments: 1
added: 12/08/2011
Have you ever had to write analytical essays? If so, then you probably know what it is. However, let us give you more detailed description.
An analytical essay isn’t a regular essay one may write in the middle school; it is a special kind of essay that is written in order to help the reader gain a better understanding of a particular object. In other words, in the process of analytical essay writing you should answer the following questions: “What does the object look like?”, “What message does this object convey?”, “What are the component parts of this object?” and “What is my attitude towards this object?”.
Proceeding from the characteristic features and requirements applicable to analytical essays, a lot of students find it difficult to write analytical essays. According to the statistics data only few of them will write analytical essays on their own and make profound research on the topic. The vast majority of students however will start to surf the Internet trying hard to find analytical essay samples or ready-made essays. Thus, teachers often have to read analytical essays that are full of stolen ideas taken from unreliable sources.
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pages: 2 (words: 315)
comments: 1
added: 04/21/2011
Many students are using Internet nowadays to search for an essay writing assistance. They are looking for already written essays and online writing services. So what's the difference between them and can these instruments be used in a legitimate way for studying?
When submitting written essays you always can get caught on plagiarism. Anyway, you didn't write that paper and it IS cheating. On the other hand, if you try using assistance of writing services, you can always control the sense, sources and style of the essay you ordered. Most of the online writing companies state in their terms of use that your paper will contain no plagiarism. So, if you have a non-plagiarized essay and you took part in the process of writing, you can't be considered a cheater....
pages: 1 (words: 130)
comments: 1
added: 04/29/2011
What is this civilized thing called writing? Modern linguists define writing as a system of human communication by means of conventional, agreed-upon signals that represent language. The signs must be capable of being sent and received, mutually understood, and they must correspond to spoken words. Each written means began with simple pictures and plain strokes or dots - adequate for recording objects and numbers. Of all the creation of man, writing is our most exquisite intellectual accomplishment. Contrary to a popular belief ,writing was invented not once but possibly as many as six separate times, in very distant places. Man approached writing by lengthy stages: the development of speech; the invention of pictures; the need to reinforce memory by storing information; the realization that pictures could be used for purpose; and finally, the difficult trial and error process of adapting pictures so that they represented the sounds of speech. The Origin of writing is seen through the development of civilizations over certain periods of historical times and places. Though writing developed not much more than 5000 years ago-----only yesterday in the long calendar of man's emergence------its roots, like those of so many other inventions, lie further back in the past. (Clairborne, p.11) Writing was invented in order to record business activities. Certain people needed to be able to keep track and records of various things. It was impossible to rely on a man's memory for every detail, a new method was needed to keep reliable records. As cities grew more complex, so did writing. Over 500 years of evolution the outward appearance and internal structure of writing changed. The social conditions that gave rise to writing are described as a phenomenon called the urban revolution. (Clairborne, p 20). Like speech, of which it is an extension, writing requires the capacity to make mental...
pages: 7 (words: 1821)
comments: 0
added: 12/10/2011
Rain clouds filled the sky as our car turned left into Lake Forest Memorial Park. It was the 3-year anniversary of the death of Amir. Amir was one of my dearest friends, as kids, we would spend hours building an indoor tent in my cousin's room, and we had a sort of childhood friendship that was sacred in its own innocent way. Amir chose to take his life three years ago. So on that rainy, gloomy day, his closest family and friends gathered by his grave to mourn his death. Amir's death really took a toll on all those close to him, including me. As the small drops of rain tapped on the picture engraved in the gravestone, I started to look back on my life, and tried to remember my friend. The never-ending question ran through my mind again and again. It is almost permanently attached to every thought I ever have of him. The question is simply: why? Why would he do such a thing? Amir was living in a world that lived in before he died; that of a typical teenager. When failing a math test, being rejected by a crush, or being teased by a bully meant the end of the world. These things meant everything to us, and when they didn't turn out right, we gave up and thought that our life was miserable. I use 'we' because I used to feel the same way that Amir did. Superficial things meant everything to me, like how many friends I had or what kind of clothes I owned. We were blinded from the reality that these things were merely props in the screenplay of our life, and that a good play can be done without the props. There were often times where a break-up with a boyfriend,...
pages: 4 (words: 978)
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added: 09/07/2011
The Runner Pounding, rushing footsteps started to close in on me. The roar of the crowd echoed, as I extended my hand to receive the baton that signaled my turn to run. As I tightly wrapped my fingers around it, I felt the wind rush around me, and my tired legs started to carry me faster than I ever dreamed possible. As I rounded the final stretch of track I remember battling fatigue by contemplating two paths: slow down and give up my chance of winning to gain momentary comfort, or push myself even harder and give up momentary comfort to receive greater rewards later. I chose the second path and later held a trophy that represented my perseverance and hard work. The years of running — consistently choosing the second path — have taught me discipline and perseverance. These qualities will help me cross a different finish line and achieve a new goal: becoming a doctor. I have had to learn to budget my time to meet the demands of school, training programs, and volunteer activities. Although I trained and ran at least thirty miles a week throughout college, I also served as a big sister to Kelly, an abused child, and worked in a hospital trauma unit and as a medical assistant in an OB/GYN clinic. My most satisfying volunteer activity, however, was participating in mission work in Mexico City. In Mexico City I continually saw young children whose suffering was overwhelming. These children had never received vaccinations, were lice-infested, and suffered from malnutrition. They also frequently had infections that antibiotics can easily treat, but due to poverty were left untreated. For a week our team worked feverishly to see as many children as possible and treat them to the best of our abilities. I will never forget the feeling of...
pages: 3 (words: 649)
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added: 11/09/2011
The last time I wrote something that took time and effort and it was not assigned in class was when I answered the essay question for the application form to get into BGSU. I chose to write about how living in Europe these last seven years has affected my perspective on life and me as a person. I did not do anything before I started writing my essay. I usually just plan out a short outline of just some ideas about what I have to write in the paper and then start writing. But for this assignment I just choose to start writing and to keep reading over my work and changing things until I was content. Sometimes I like to use a brainstorming web to formulate my ideas. Although, before I even started writing my essay for BGSU I talked to my college counselor from the school about my idea. She told me it was good and offered a little advise about how I should write the paper. Once I completed the paper and I felt it was of a good standard I gave the BGSU essay to my college counselor to look over. She gave it back to me with very little corrections and said that it was good. I then went over it one last time before printing it off to put into my application for BGSU. Often when I am writing a paper, I will re-read my sentences and grammatical structure and decide that I don't like it or that I could phrase it better. So I often re-write and change my sentences when writing a paper, as I did for my application essay. I also like to try and read my paper when I have written it to make sure everything sounds good and flows together....
pages: 2 (words: 394)
comments: 1
added: 11/10/2011
Applications for college admissions usually require one or more autobiographical essays. Essay questions may vary but all serve the same purpose, to evaluate the fitness of a candidate. The essay portion of a college admissions application is an important tool for deciding your worthiness as a candidate. It is a tool that admissions officers use to get to know the applicant better and to separate candidates from numerical scores. This is the time to prove yourself and to be able to stand out among the other applicants.
Each year, Harvard rejects four out of five valedictorians and hundreds of students with perfect SAT scores, leaving applicants and parents wondering what went wrong. While there is no secret formula for gaining admission to a top school, there are many ways to ensure rejection, and the most common by far is taking the admissions essay lightly. Whether you are applying to the Ivy League or to a state school, your job is the same. You must distinguish yourself from hundreds or even thousands of applicants with similar grades, activities, and SAT scores. To achieve this, your essay must not only demonstrate your grasp of grammar and ability to write lucid, structured prose, you must also paint a vivid picture of your personality and character, one that compels a busy admissions officer to accept you. The college admissions essay plays a very important part in terms of setting the tone for the rest of the application. It is where the committee starts to evaluate the applicant on their minds and try to decide whether you will be a positive asset to their school. Although academic performance is the most important variable and no one is admitted on the basis of an essay alone, the essay can many times make or break the student. The...
pages: 7 (words: 1896)
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added: 11/22/2011
College Application If you ask me who the most influential person of my life Is, I wouldn't have to think about it twice. My English Teacher from my junior year in high school Is the most positive person I have ever known; her name? Is Mrs. Schoenbucher and she is encouraging, always Friendly, permanently offering help and always there For you when you need somebody to talk. You might ask What does that have to do with my college application? I have always been a really good pupil, always went to Class on time, never skipped school, permanently good grades In addition,I Have never been disrespectful to a teacher. In my junior year I had a math teacher , Who really took the fun out of math ; he didn't treat Me fairly and really gave me a bad time in math. I lost my Fun on math and stopped to study for it. I even started Skipping my math classes because I had such a hard Time getting along with this teacher. I am pretty Sure you can foretell what happened when I stopped studying for math and started skipping it –exactly, my Grade dropped –I failed the class and I have never Failed a class before. The math problem led to other problems, too ;it took away all my passion for Attending school. Consequently, my other grades started to get Worse too. I was afraid to talk to anybody, I didn't Have the courage to speak up and discuss the problem. I Felt lost like a wild animal imprisoned in a small cage. I was walking in a dark tunnel and couldn't find the Exit. My English teacher Mrs. Schoenbucher, with whom I get along very well was the first person to recognize that something was wrong with me, so she Took me aside and asked me what was wrong. I said "Nothing", but I just couldn't hold it in anymore my eyes Were starting to get watery and I started to cry .Mrs. Schoenbucher encouraged...
pages: 3 (words: 610)
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added: 12/04/2011
The Non-Traditional Applicant Modest one-room houses lay scattered across the desert landscape. Their rooftops a seemingly helpless shield against the intense heat generated by the mid-July sun. The steel security bars that guarded the windows and doors of every house seemed to belie the large welcome sign at the entrance to the ABC Indian Reservation. As a young civil engineer employed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, I was far removed from my cubical in downtown Los Angeles. However, I felt I was well-prepared to conduct my first project proposal. The project involved a $500,000 repair of an earthen levee surrounding an active Native American burial site. A fairly inexpensive and straightforward job by federal standards, but nonetheless I could hardly contain my excitement. Strict federal construction guidelines laden with a generous portion of technical jargon danced through my head as I stepped up to the podium to greet the twelve tribal council members. My premature confidence quickly disappeared as they confronted me with a troubled ancient gaze. Their faces revealed centuries of distrust and broken government promises. Suddenly, from a design based solely upon abstract engineering principles an additional human dimension emerged — one for which I had not prepared. The calculations I had crunched over the past several months and the abstract engineering principles simply no longer applied. Their potential impact on this community was clearly evident in the faces before me. With perspiration forming on my brow, I decided I would need to take a new approach to salvage this meeting. So I discarded my rehearsed speech, stepped out from behind the safety of the podium, and began to solicit the council members' questions and concerns. By the end of the afternoon, our efforts to establish a cooperative working relationship had resulted in a distinct shift in...
pages: 3 (words: 718)
comments: 1
added: 12/09/2011