Among all the communication devices and services, cellular phone has been increasingly popular for personal communication. Cellular phone technology has given us the freedom to communicate with each other and obtain much needed information from anywhere in the cellular phone provider’s network wirelessly. Today, there are over 1.3 billion cellular phone users worldwide and one hundred and forty million users alone in the United States. These growing numbers are approaching to the total number of total land or wired phone users. Today, cellular phones are not solely used for wireless voice communication but also they are capable of accessing the Internet and retrieving high bandwidth data from various networks.
There are Four common technologies used by cell-phone networks for transmitting information:
- Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDMA)
- Time Division Multiplexing (TDMA)
- Code Division Multiplexing (CDMA)
- Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
pages: 2 (words: 307)
comments: 1
added: 03/16/2011
GPS (Global Positioning System): is a communications network consisting of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of about 17600km, it allows people to find the approximate whereabouts and coordinates of their location with GPS receivers.
The satellites are in constant contact with radar communication stations on Earth. These radio communication stations inform the satellites of their exact location with respect to the Earth's surface.
All the GPS satellites are equipped with precisely accurate atomic clocks; this allows all radio signals have information about the time it was sent. Because the speed of light and the location of the satellites are known, the location of a receiver can be calculated if it is in a direct line of sight with at least 3 satellites.
CDs (Compact Disc): consist of a metallic disc coated in plastic it has a microscopic spiral track, which has numerous pits. The pits represents 1 in the digital binary code of a CD which is made up of billions 0s and 1s.
The laser in CD reading devices moves along one third of its diameter on one side while the CD spins, the laser can detect the pits and therefore it can "read" CDs.
DVDs (Diverse Video Disc): are similar to CDs but with a much larger storage capacity (approximately 4 times larger) which is made possible by compressed tracks which are densely packed together.
Internet: also known as the World Wide Web the internet can be described as the biggest amalgamation of knowledge, entertainment, and rubbish. It also supplies people with various means of communication.
The internet consists of steams digital wavelengths of binary code data which is sent through national and international phone this is usually data from website servers which store web sites in their hard drives. Dial up internet is the most commonly used form of internet access...
pages: 2 (words: 330)
comments: 1
added: 07/28/2011
Introduction
The following case study examines how increasingly; Information and Communication Technology are used within large public utilities. I will focus on observing a telecommunications company, particularly BT.
In recent years the use of IT has become increasingly widespread. The usage of IT includes producing customer's bills, provision of the service information, and the actual provision of the service in addition to many other areas. The development of the Internet has seen further uses to which ICT can be placed, and a widening of the access of the public to these services. At the same time there has been a rise in the amount of companies which provide telecommunications services with both benefits and potential dangers for the public.
BT provides services, which aid people to interchange information. For BT's personal customers, the most popular service is the everyday telephone, but business customers, in addition, transmit data in alternative manors, using computer modems, fax machines, video cameras etc.
Information and Communication Technology provides a way of managing data electronically. Business customers, and Bt's own staff members, increasingly use ICT together with BT's communications services to exchange data between computers.
Information needed by the company
A telecommunications company has to compile and store excessive amounts of information. To begin with, customer details must be stored to permit the engendering of bills. These details would include the customer's name, address, telephone number and method of payment. The method of payment may include direct debit as a member of a billing scheme, or hold a company in which the bills would be debited. Recorded information will also include the telephone usage by the customer, so a bill can be prepared. In BT a computerized Customer Service System (CSS) is used. This stores the information of about 25 million BT telephone lines. This huge system is distributed over five sites,...
pages: 18 (words: 4691)
comments: 2
added: 10/07/2011
Marconi case shows us how many different aspects of managerial situation in a company must be considered and handled, whenever and changes in the company structure, relocation of the staff, entering foreign markets and all the problems connected with above occur.
Sending the managers to another country cannot be just a simple one-task operation. It's a long lasting process that needs commitment and sacrifices from both sides – company and managers. Any lack of preparation may cause serious problems.
In the Marconi case we can follow all the stages of preparation, actual placing managers at the company and further issues in foreign country. Even not trying to evaluate whether the entire process was conducted properly, just simply looking closer at all the matters – one can learn from their Mexican experience.
Perhaps trying to place ourselves in the Marconi's shoes we could try to find a few better solutions or work out how to avoid certain failures.
In the first place I really liked the idea of sending managers to foreign countries to work for a company where Marconi held a minority interest. They could learn how does the firm work, only through observation they could learn how to exist in a new environment and gain the experience in foreign country. Just like the group that was sent to evaluate the facts and figures. So, selection of these managers for Mexico's Lerida seem to be quite reasonable solution. They have managed to gain experience in one of Latin America country so they probably speak Spanish fluently, they wouldn't experience cultural shock and it would be much easier for them to adapt.
What could be done more – the additional few people from HR department could be sent as well to look closer into the co. structure, how does it work, what are the relationships between...
pages: 10 (words: 2617)
comments: 1
added: 09/26/2011
In today's push-button world, the expression "the world is getting smaller everyday" could not be truer. Technology has shrunk distances and differences, and even brought down many a cultural barrier. Lift your handset and dial, and you are connected to the other side of the world. Change the channel on your TV, and alien nations and notions come to life in your living room. Log on, and a whole new world of weird and wonderful communications is only a mouse click away. It is not only our high-tech appliances that are becoming more compact and pocket-sized. It is the very planet on which we live. This and many more is the sole gift of Information and Communication Technology. Information and communication Technology (ICT) is a branch of engineering which derives its origin partly from Electronics, Information Technology, Computer Science Engineering and also has advanced new features .The ICT curriculum provides students with a broad perspective on the nature of technology, how to use and apply a variety of technologies, and the impact of ICT on themselves and on society. The ICT curriculum is not intended to stand alone, but rather to be infused within core courses and programs. In the coming years ICT is destined to play a major role in the global economy. It would be a decisive factor for accelerating development in rural and marginal areas. Information and CommunicationTechnology may develop not just in rich urban societies but in all societies, in all countries, and in all sectors of these societies and countries and thus help in bridging the gap between the developed and the developing countries and will put technology at the service of human development. In a message to the third Asia Pacific Initiatives on Information Society Meeting, UN General Secretary Mr. Kofi Annan said that "Developed countries and...
pages: 2 (words: 364)
comments: 1
added: 01/02/2012
Interpersonal communication is a communication transaction involving two or more people, specifically in a personal relationship. Relationships are highly affective on all aspects of life. There are things that make up interpersonal communication as well as created during it. People have basic needs that they fulfill through interpersonal relationships of various kinds. We relate to others by sending messages and receiving them. The three main categories of need come in the forms of affection, inclusion , and control. Affection is "the need for positive regard" on many levels from others, as well as expressing it to them. Inclusion is the "desire to be part of the events and interactions around us." The desire to "feel secure and safe in our surrounding", is the need for control. Relationships are another aspect of interpersonal communication and can be analyzed as a part of the natural patterns in it. There are two parts to a relationship; coming together, and coming apart. Coming together has the following stages; initiation, experimentation, intensifying, integrating, and bonding. Coming apart has stages also; differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and termination. Communication also has climates and conflicts. Climate is the general sense of the tone of an interaction. The positive or supportive behaviors include; description, equality, problem orientation, spontaneity, empathy, and provisionalism. The negative or defensive behaviors are; evaluation, superiority, control, strategy, neutrality, and certainty. Conflict is an expressed struggle between two or more interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. The four basic elements in conflict are; expression, interdependence, incompatibility, and interference. Conflict management is how we deal with our everyday, inevitable conflicting situations. The process of conflict management in a constructive way demands that you: be prepared, be involved, withhold quick retorts, and that you review and or summarize...
pages: 2 (words: 409)
comments: 0
added: 02/12/2012
Essays on Bluetooth Technology6 Looking after your teeth By the way if, you're wondering where the Bluetooth name originally came from, it named after a Danish Viking and King, Harald Blåtand (translated as Bluetooth in English), who lived in the latter part of the 10th century. Harald Blåtand united and controlled Denmark and Norway (hence the inspiration on the name: uniting devices through Bluetooth). He got his name from his very dark hair which was unusual for Vikings, Blåtand means dark complexion. However a more popular, (but less likely reason), was that Old Harald had a inclination towards eating Blueberries , so much so his teeth became stained with the colour, leaving Harald with a rather unique set of molars. And you thought your teeth were bad... Abstract This paper discusses what is Bluetooth and where it got its name from. It shows how in 1984 Ericsson Corporation began a study to examine radio links as an alternatives to the cables that linked its mobile phones with accessories. Out of this study came the specifications for Bluetooth wireless technology which means one no longer needs to connect, plug into, install, enable or configure the device settings . The paper describes the technology used, the IEEE standards utilized with Bluetooth, regulation of Bluetooth, its develoment and possible risks of utilizing Bluetooth. From The Paper "The Bluetooth Special Interest Group, or SIG, is a group of companies working together to promote and define the Bluetooth specifications. The Bluetooth SIG was founded by five companies to develop the Bluetooth concept as a viable wireless technology standard. The companies are Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Toshiba and Nokia. Other companies like Microsoft, Lucent, 3Com and Motorola later joined the Bluetooth SIG. To date, more than 1,500 companies have joined this group and the specifications are developed, published and promoted by the...
pages: 2 (words: 407)
comments: 1
added: 07/28/2011
A solution to that would be using the hand's free or the voice speaker where the cellular phone will remain away from a person's head, therefore there will be no worries regarding safety. Therefore, a good solution to this problem would be to pull over and then receive your call where it will be much safer for you and others that are with you on the road. The usage of cellular phones causes cancer as scientists have proved it. It also distracts drivers away from the road therefore causing accidents and killing people. Cellular phones also develop bad phone manners where a person raises his voice once he starts using it and it becomes a habit later on. On the other hand, the necessity of using a Cellular phone can be very helpful as it can help a lost camper to find his way back by just allowing him to make a call and ask for directions. Also, if certain areas of the city are considered to be dangerous, then using the payphone could be inconvenient and life threatening, therefore the cellular phone comes in hand and can help solve the problem. An example of this would be, my dad when he went on a business trip to Japan. As it is impossible to understand the language of a totally different culture and country, as it is also hard to get around. If it weren't for the cellular phone, my dad would have had a very hard time to get around and to even get to work. At several incidents, he vividly remembers that even going for a walk could be puzzling, as everything around looks similar. Another absolute necessity would be for businessmen to use their cellular phones in order to conduct and to run their businesses. It is...
pages: 8 (words: 2071)
comments: 1
added: 06/26/2011
"Using the case of the anti-Nike sweatshop labour campaign, discuss the basis, the process and the problems faced by new transnational social movement coalitions." In an increasingly globalized world Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have acquired unprecedented levels of power and autonym. Spurred on by neo-liberal economic ideology, deregulation of markets and increasing international flows of capital, TNCs are relocating manufacturing to countries where labour costs are cheapest as a means of maximizing profits at the expense of social welfare. Whilst globalization has enabled TNCs to operate more freely in the international arena, it has also facilitated social interaction and social organization amongst actors by creating new channels of political participation and new identity discourses. Greater global interdependence and advancing communication and transportation technology has augmented relations between people across vast geographical divides leading to a growing awareness regarding the unequal relationship between the workers who produce goods and those that consume them. Resultant concerns amongst participants in international civil society about the lack of effective regulations controlling the activities of TNCs and the associated negative societal and environmental ramifications are finding expression in forms of globalized resistance against the hegemonic forces of neo-liberal capitalism. Consequently, increasing numbers of cross-boarder coalitions consisting of workers, activists and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are stepping into the void left by the retrenchment of nation-stare power. The international campaign mounted against Nike Inc., the worlds leading athletic shoe and sports-apparel company, to protest its involvement in sweatshop labour practices provides a useful example of the foundations, processes and difficulties that transnational social movement coalitions face when advocating for workers rights and greater corporate social responsibility. By using the case of anti-Nike campaign and applying theories relating to new transnational social movement coalitions (TSMC) this essay will attempt to provide an analysis of the organizational forms and manifold...
pages: 18 (words: 4768)
comments: 0
added: 12/26/2011
PorterÕs Five Forces Model When relating the airline industry, or more specifically Northwest Airlines, to PorterÕs Five Forces Model there are five forces to be examined, hence the name. First off it is good to look at the risk of entry by potential competitors. With respect to this force there is a high barrier to entry due to the high cost of capital. To be a competitor in the airline industry you must first have and airplane. Airplanes are large investments that require high mechanical maintenance, and a high degree of employee competence. If you arenÕt operating efficiently you wonÕt be profiting enough to adequately maintain your aircraft and keep competent employees. The second force of the five is rivalry among established companies already in the industry. In the airline industry this is always something that is relevant. Seeing that all airlines generally provide the same service of bringing people from one place to another it is important to differentiate. To be a competitive airline you need to offer something that the others donÕt, for instance you may focus on service and neglect low fares or focus on low fares and minimize service. Depending upon the target market for either one of these niches it is important to offer customers something that is appealing, and something they wonÕt be able to get from another airline. The third force of five is the bargaining power of buyers. The events of 9/11 promoted negative financial trends that were already evident in the airline industry before this disaster. Buyer bargaining power as of right now is somewhat high. People arenÕt traveling as much as they used to due to widespread fear over terrorism. In general people arenÕt traveling by plane unless they have to. This leads to the dilemma of making it a bargain to fly...
pages: 4 (words: 1080)
comments: 0
added: 01/08/2012